Urea in Cattle Feed: How to Ensure Health and Performance?

Urea is one of the most widely used additives in cattle nutrition due to its high nitrogen content, making it an economical source of rumen-degradable protein. However, its use requires caution to avoid toxicity and ensure maximum herd performance. In this article, we'll discuss the main precautions when using urea in cattle feed and how to utilize it safely and efficiently.

Why use urea in cattle feed?

Urea is a protein supplement widely used in beef and dairy cattle, especially during dry periods when high-quality forage is scarce. It offers the following benefits:

• Cost-effective: Replaces some of the vegetable protein in the diet, reducing feed costs.

• Increased forage digestibility: Improves rumen fermentation and nutrient absorption.

• Improved animal performance: When properly managed, it can contribute to greater weight gain and milk productivity.

How to provide urea safely?

Despite its benefits, urea can be toxic if not used correctly. To avoid problems, follow these recommendations:

1. Respect the correct dosage

The recommended dietary urea limit is up to 1% of the animal's total dry matter intake. To avoid risks, initial inclusion should be done gradually, allowing the rumen to adapt.

2. Mix well in the feed

Urea should never be given pure. It should be thoroughly mixed with fibrous or energetic ingredients, such as ground corn or soybean meal, to avoid excessive consumption at one time.

3. Maintain continuous access to water

Adequate water consumption is essential for efficient urea conversion and to avoid intoxication.

4. Use treated or protected urea

Forms of protected urea, such as coated livestock urea, help reduce the risk of rapid ammonia release in the rumen.

5. Avoid administration to malnourished or young animals.

Weak or very young cattle may not have adequate capacity to metabolize urea, making its use risky.

Signs of urea poisoning and what to do

Excessive consumption of urea can cause poisoning, characterized by the following symptoms:

• Excessive salivation

• Muscle tremors

• Difficulty breathing

• Apathy or agitated behavior

If these signs appear, seek veterinary advice immediately.

Conclusion

Urea is an excellent alternative for protein supplementation in livestock, but its use requires knowledge and proper management. By following the dosage, adaptation, and correct mixing recommendations, excellent results can be achieved in herd health and productivity.

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